分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are effective approaches to desertification control and achieving social and economic sustainability in desert areas. However, the self-succession ability of native plants during the later periods of vegetation restoration remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating the regeneration dynamics of artificial forest under natural conditions. The information of seed rain and soil seed bank was collected and quantified from an artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest in the Tengger Desert, China. The germination tests were conducted in a laboratory setting. The analysis of species quantity and diversity in seed rain and soil seed bank was conducted to assess the impact of different durations of sand fixation (60, 40, and 20 a) on the progress of vegetation restoration and ecological conditions in artificial C. korshinskii forest. The results showed that the top three dominant plant species in seed rain were Echinops gmelinii Turcz., Eragrostis minor Host., and Agropyron mongolicum Keng., and the top three dominant plant species in soil seed bank were E. minor, Chloris virgata Sw., and E. gmelinii. As restoration period increased, the density of seed rain and soil seed bank increased first and then decreased. While for species richness, as restoration period increased, it gradually increased in seed rain but decreased in soil seed bank. There was a positive correlation between seed rain density and soil seed bank density among all the three restoration periods. The species similarity between seed rain or soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with the extension of restoration period. The shape of the seeds, specifically those with external appendages such as spines and crown hair, clearly had an effect on their dispersal, then resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. In addition, precipitation was a crucial factor in promoting rapid germination, also resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. Our findings provide valuable insights for guiding future interventions during the later periods of artificial C. korshinskii forest, such as sowing and restoration efforts using unmanned aerial vehicles.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role. Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China, we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability. Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed (TWS). The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species, whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest. Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS. During the secondary seed dispersal processes, the proportions of seeds that did not disperse (no dispersal) and only dispersed over short distance (short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section) were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried (including lost seeds) and dispersed over long distance (long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section). Compared with other habitats, the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal. Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes, whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance. The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance, smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther. Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds. The explanatory power of wind speed, underlying surface, and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance, implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex. In summary, most seeds in the study area either did not move, were buried, or dispersed over short distance, promoting local vegetation regeneration.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2024-01-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is important for health care and ecological protection. However, it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during planting. Exploring reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these problems. Based on field trials in 2021 and 2022, this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height, stem diameter, crown width, yield, and water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity (f), and four water levels, i.e., adequate irrigation (W0, 75%85% f), mild water deficit (W1, 65%75% f), moderate water deficit (W2, 55%65% f), and severe water deficit (W3, 45%55% f) were used, and three nitrogen application levels, i.e., no nitrogen (N0, 0 kg/hm2), low nitrogen (N1, 150 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (N2, 300 kg/hm2), and high nitrogen (N3, 450 kg/hm2) were implied. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages (P<0.01), and their maximum values were observed in W1N2, W0N2, and W1N3 treatments. Dry weight per plant and yield of wolfberry first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application under the same water treatment. Dry weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 treatment. However, under other water treatments, the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application. Yield and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen treatment. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, 8.46 kg/(hm2mm)), WUE (6.83 kg/(hm2mm)), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN, 2.56 kg/kg), and NUE (14.29 kg/kg) reached their highest values in W2N2, W1N2, W1N2, and W1N1 treatments. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that yield, WUE, and NUE were better in W1N2 treatment, making it a suitable water and nitrogen management mode for the irrigation area of the Yellow River in the Gansu Province, China and similar planting areas.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 分类： 生物学 >> 微生物学 提交时间： 2023-11-17
摘要： Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses which also shifts the composition of root associated microbiomes. However, there is a lack of genetic evidence regarding whether and how plant genetic effects positively reshape drought induced microbiome changes. Root hairs play essential roles in water uptaking, but whether root hairs also orchestrate microbiome re-shaping process during drought stress is unknown. By utilizing genetic mutants with enhanced or decreased root hair densities, we detected a significant effect of plant genetic effect on drought induced microbiome changes. In addition, the hairy mutant (gl2) triggers a deterministic process during drought induced microbiome re-assembly, which further confirms the involvement of host effects in re-shaping drought induced microbiome changes. Rhizobiaceae strains were detected as key biomarker species positively correlated with root hair densities. Moreover, the gl2 mutant also shapes more complex microbiome co-occurrence networks, with more Rhizobiaceae hubs. Our findings unveil the novel roles of root hairs in shaping microbiome structure and network interactions upon drought stress, particularly through regulating the abundance and network centrality of Rhizobiaceae strains. Root hair related mutants also broadly affect root metabolome upon drought stress. Understanding the physiological and microbial ecological basis of host mediated microbiome re-shaping under drought helps develop microbiome engineering approaches to combat climate changes.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-11-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Endophytes, as crucial components of plant microbial communities, significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts, promote plant growth, and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia. In this study, an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species, Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta, using a series of screening media. Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, in July 2021. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fulvia fulva, Alternaria solani, and Valsa mali) were determined through the plate confrontation method. A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus, while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta. The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties. Specifically, the strains of Bacillus sp. TR002, Bacillus sp. TR005, Microbacterium sp. TSB5, and Rhodococcus sp. TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity, siderophore-producing activity, phosphate solubilization activity, and nitrogen-fixing activity, respectively. Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta, 104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Valsa mali. Furthermore, the strains of Bacillus sp. TR005, Bacillus sp. TS003, and Bacillus sp. TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi. In conclusion, the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties, making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 提交时间： 2023-10-23
摘要： 蛋白-蛋白相互作用对于植物细胞生理活动至关重要。为检测和确定两种蛋白之间的相互作用，许多不同的体内和体外方法已被发表。而酵母基于杂交的分裂泛素化（mbSUS）系统是经典的酵母双杂交技术替代方法，它不仅具有酵母双杂交快速便捷的优点，还弥补了传统酵母双杂交法在待测蛋白要求，假阳性率等方面的不足。目前，经过改进的mbSUS法可用于膜蛋白以及可溶性蛋白互作研究，并在植物中用于检测离子通道与膜转运蛋白的互作。本文对mbSUS法技术原理、实验方法以及实验注意事项进行详细描述，为植物蛋白互作研究奠定基础。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-10-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Tiger nut is a bioenergy crop planted in arid areas of northern China to supply oil and adjust the planting structure. However, in the western region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, less water resources have resulted in a scarcity of available farmland, which has posed a huge obstacle to planting tiger nut. Cultivation of tiger nut on marginal land can effectively solve this problem. To fully unlock the production potential of tiger nut on marginal land, it is crucial for managers to have comprehensive information on the adaptive mechanism and nutrient requirement of tiger nut in different growth periods. This study aims to explore these key information from the perspective of nutrient coordination strategy of tiger nut in different growth periods and their relationship with rhizosphere soil nutrients. Three fertilization treatments including no fertilization (N:P (nitrogen:phosphorous)=0:0), traditional fertilization (N:P=15:15), and additional N fertilizer (N:P=60:15)) were implemented on marginal land in the Dengkou County. Plant and soil samples were collected in three growth periods, including stolon tillering period, tuber expanding period, and tuber mature period. Under no fertilization, there was a significant correlation between N and P contents of tiger nut roots and tubers and the same nutrients in the rhizosphere soil (P<0.05). Carbon (C), N, and P contents of roots were significantly higher than those of leaves (P<0.05), and the C:N ratio of all organs was higher than those under other treatments before tuber maturity (P<0.05). Under traditional fertilization, there was a significant impact on the P content of tiger nut tubers (P<0.05). Under additional N fertilizer, the accumulation rate of N and P was faster in stolons than in tubers (P<0.05) with lower N:P ratio in stolons during the tuber expansion period (P<0.05), but higher N:P ratio in tubers (P<0.05). The limited availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere soil prompts tiger nut to increase the C:N ratio, improving N utilization efficiency, and maintaining N:P ratio in tubers. Elevated N levels in the rhizosphere soil decrease the C:N ratio of tiger nut organs and N:P ratio in stolons, promoting rapid stolon growth and shoot production. Supplementary P is necessary during tuber expansion, while a higher proportion of N in fertilizers is crucial for the aboveground biomass production of tiger nut.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-10-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Root pullout performance of plants is an important mechanical basis for soil reinforcement by plant roots in the semi-arid areas. Studies have shown that it is affected by plant factors (species, ages, root geometry, etc.) and soil factors (soil types, soil moisture, soil bulk densities, etc.). However, the effects of loading rates on root pullout performance are not well studied. To explore the mechanical interactions under different loading rates, we conducted pullout tests on Medicago sativa L. and Hippophae rhamnoides L. roots under five loading rates, i.e., 5, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm/min. In addition, tensile tests were conducted on the roots in diameters of 0.52.0 mm to compare the relationship between root tensile properties and root pullout properties. Results showed that two root failure modes, slippage and breakage, were observed during root pullout tests. All M. sativa roots were pulled out, while 72.2% of H. rhamnoides roots were broken. The maximum fracture diameter and fracture root length of H. rhamnoides were 1.22 mm and 7.44 cm under 100 mm/min loading rate, respectively. Root displacement values were 4.63% (0.43%) and 8.91% (0.52%) of the total root length for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides, respectively. The values of maximum pullout force were 14.6 (0.7) and 17.7 (1.8) N under 100 mm/min for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides, respectively. Values of the maximum pullout strength for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides were 38.38 (5.48) MPa under 150 mm/min and 12.47 (1.43) MPa under 100 mm/min, respectively. Root-soil friction coefficient under 100 mm/min was significantly larger than those under other loading rates for both the two species. Values of the maximum root pullout energy for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides were 87.83 (21.55) mmN under 100 mm/min and 173.53 (38.53) mmN under 200 mm/min, respectively. Root pullout force was significantly related to root diameter (P0.05). Root pullout strength was greater than root tensile strength for the two species. The results suggested that there was no need to deliberately control loading rate in root pullout tests in the semi-arid soil, and root pullout force and pullout strength could be better parameters for root reinforcement model compared with root tensile strength as root pullout force and pullout strength could more realistically reflect the working state of roots in the semi-arid soil.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 以内蒙古黄土丘陵区天然杜松种群为研究对象，通过静态生命表、生存函数、动态量化分析以及时间序列模型分析天然杜松种群结构和动态变化。结果表明：幼苗个体数量居多，中树其次，成树较少，结合种群数量动态变化指数Vpi＞0，该种群则为增长型；存活曲线经曲线模型验证趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型，表明个龄级死亡率稳定；考虑外界干扰时动态指数趋于0，种群在干扰条件下增长不明显；生存函数分析种群表现为前期生存强中期稳定后期逐渐衰退的趋势；未来2~8各个龄级时间后，幼苗减少，中树和成树均增加；幼苗阶段对种群的更新和发展具有决定作用，建议对幼苗实施科学的保护措施，促进种群的更新。对杜松种群内在机制的研究，丰富了干旱区的植被建设，为杜松种群经营管理提供了参考，为黄土丘陵区植被的保护和恢复提供理论依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 以内蒙古黄土丘陵区天然杜松种群为研究对象，通过静态生命表、生存函数、动态量化分析以及时间序列模型分析天然杜松种群结构和动态变化。结果表明：幼苗个体数量居多，中树其次，成树较少，结合种群数量动态变化指数Vpi＞0，该种群则为增长型；存活曲线经曲线模型验证趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型，表明个龄级死亡率稳定；考虑外界干扰时动态指数趋于0，种群在干扰条件下增长不明显；生存函数分析种群表现为前期生存强中期稳定后期逐渐衰退的趋势；未来2~8各个龄级时间后，幼苗减少，中树和成树均增加；幼苗阶段对种群的更新和发展具有决定作用，建议对幼苗实施科学的保护措施，促进种群的更新。对杜松种群内在机制的研究，丰富了干旱区的植被建设，为杜松种群经营管理提供了参考，为黄土丘陵区植被的保护和恢复提供理论依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为了探讨矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性，本文运用时空替代法，选择甘肃省天祝藏族自治县双龙沟矸石治理不同年限(2 a、5 a、10 a )和未治理的矸石作为对照（CK）样地，通过对植被调查，分析研究了植物群落演替特征及物种多样性，并揭示其随着矸石治理年限的增加呈现出的变化规律，为祁连山东段双龙沟及其相似地区矸石治理、生态系统修复及生态环境建设提供科学理论基础。研究表明：（1）双龙沟矸石治理过程中，4个样地共出现24科40属55种植物，其中有15科是单科、单属及单种，菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科植物种数达到28种，占总科数的12.5%，总物种数达到50.91%。物种构成表现为：多数种属于少数科，大部分植物种为单科、单属。（2）随着矸石治理年限的增加，群落优势种由一年生或多年生草本植物逐渐转化为多年生草本植物及灌木植物，植物种由对照（CK）的11种，增加到矸石治理5 a时28种，再降到矸石治理10 a的18种，最后垂穗披碱草、早熟禾及沙棘成为该样地的优势种，这三种植物重要值的总和达到48.107。（3）随着矸石治理年限增加，物种数、Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数从CK到矸石治理5 a时逐渐增加，分别达到最大值28、3.506及2.877；Pielou均匀度指数呈现下降-上升-再下降的变化趋势，变化幅度不大。Simpson优势度指数呈现出上升-下降-再上升变化趋势，矸石治理10 a时达到最大值0.359；（4）矸石治理年限对植物种群数量特征影响较大，株高从CK、2 a到10 a显著增高（P<0.05），盖度从CK到治理5 a、10 a显著增大（P<0.05），植物株数从CK到治理10 a显著增大（P<0.05）。综上所述，祁连山东段双龙沟矸石治理过程中，在人工干预下，矸石治理年限对植被演替及物种多样性影响较大，植物群落逐渐变得单一、稳定。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 通过对新疆西天山昭苏县苔藓植物进行调查鉴定，报道了新疆分布的薄罗藓科（Leskeaceae）１个新记录属拟柳叶藓属（Orthoamblystegium Dixon Sakurai）和2个新记录种拟柳叶藓［Orthoamblystegium spurio-sub⁃tile (Broth. Paris) Kanda Nog.］和粗肋薄罗藓［Leskea scabrinervis Broth. Paris］。本文对2个新记录种的形态特征、生境及分布进行了详细描述和记录，并提供了显微形态解剖图。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-26 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 通过对北疆、东疆杂草的野外实地调查，利用《中国植物志》等相关资料和形态分类学研究方法，本团队在阿勒泰、伊犁、昌吉、塔城和哈密等地区发现苋属Amaranthus 外来杂草新记录植物4种。本研究发现，新疆苋属Am⁃aranthus 3个新记录种和1个新记录变种，即绿穗苋Amaranthus hybridus L.、鲍氏苋A. powellii S. Watson、皱果苋A.viridis L.和短苞反枝苋A. retroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter Loret) Thell.。绿穗苋在伊犁新源县、乌鲁木齐市、哈密市均有小居群分布；皱果苋在乌苏车排子垦区、吐鲁番市高昌区、哈密市伊州区等地有多个居群分布；鲍氏苋仅在哈密市巴里坤县有分布；短苞反枝苋仅在石河子市有少量分布。这些新记录植物的发现对新疆苋科苋属植物区系和物种多样性研究具有重要意义，也为该新记录种的地理分布研究、入侵杂草的扩散与有效监测提供了重要依据和新资料。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 玫瑰(Rosa rugosa)具有很高的观赏效果和商业价值，但其花色比较单一，限制了玫 瑰的开发利用及在园林造景中的应用。为了探究苦水玫瑰、墨红玫瑰和保加利亚 白玫瑰3 个不同品种玫瑰的呈色物质，该研究利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(U PLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用检测花瓣类黄酮的种类和含量，通过 KEGG 数据库对差异代谢物进行 富集分析，筛选出关键代谢物，并分析与花色表型值的相关性。结果表明：（1）在 3 个不 同色系玫瑰花瓣中共检测到 58 种代谢物，其中花青素只有一种为矢车菊-3-O 葡萄糖苷，约 占 30.45%；（2）K-means 聚类分析表明，共有 12 种关键代谢物注释到 KEGG 代谢通路中， 其中乔松素和杨梅黄酮是决定苦水玫瑰和墨红玫瑰花色呈红色的主要物质，圣草酚、 木犀草素和山萘酚是决定保加利亚白玫瑰花色呈白色的主要物质。该研究结果可为具有 特定颜色玫瑰的育种提供理论依据，并且促进玫瑰在园林绿化中的应用。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 关于珍稀濒危植物火焰兰属的研究资料较少，该文以云南火焰兰为研究对象，通过 显微镜和石蜡切片技术观察了它的花形态和花药发育胚胎学特征。结果表明：（1）花形态 具有以下分类特征：唇瓣三裂，花距不明显；合蕊柱圆柱形；花药帽紫色具黄条纹；花粉团 一对，由黏盘及黏盘柄连接。（2）花药原基分化出一对侧生花药室，每个花药室的小孢子 囊中央分化出一条偏离中轴的不育隔膜组织，发育为一对不等大的次生小孢子囊；花药成熟 时，由于不育隔膜组织降解，形成两个深裂花粉团。（3）发育完整的花药壁有5~6 层，为多 层型花药壁，包括：表皮、2~3 层药室内壁、中层和绒毡层；绒毡层细胞为单核、腺质型。 花药成熟时，药室内壁发生纤维状加厚，花药室在远轴端开裂散粉。（4）小孢子母细胞经 同时型胞质分裂，形成正四面体和左右对称排列的小孢子四分体，小孢子保持在四分体内， 经有丝分裂发育为2-细胞型的四合花粉，排列紧密，构成一个坚固的花粉团。花药发育过 程中，未观察到花粉败育现象。结合现有资料，该文分析了云南火焰兰的花形态和花药发育 中具有分类学意义的胚胎学特征，为火焰兰属的分类学和保护生物学提供了新资料。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 海三棱藨草 Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter (Tang F. T. Wang) Tatanov 的分类学 地位至今尚无定论。为明确海三棱藨草的分类学地位并探讨其与近缘种的关系，该研究分 别利用1 个核基因（ITS）和5 个叶绿体基因（matK、ndhF、rbcL、trnL 和trnL-trnF）的 DNA 条形码序列对海三棱藨草及其近缘种的4 种21 批样品进行扩增和测序，然后通过采 用相似性搜索算法对单一序列和序列组合的物种鉴定效率进行评价，最后基于贝叶斯推断 方法构建系统发育树进行鉴定分析。结果表明：（1）ITS + matK 序列组合的物种鉴定成功 率最高，为71.4%，可实现海三棱藨草及其近缘种的种间区分、鉴定；（2）基于ITS + matK 序列组合构建海三棱藨草及其近缘种的系统发育树，结果表明同一物种的样品聚集度 较好，海三棱藨草与三棱草属 Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla 的物种聚为一支，明显与水葱属 Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla 物种分开， 且海三棱藨草与海滨三棱草 Bolboschoenus maritimus （Linnaeus） Palla 形成单系。综上所述，ITS + matK 序列组合可作为海三棱藨草 及其近缘种物种鉴定的最佳条形码序列，研究结果不支持海三棱藨草为天然杂交种的观点， 而应将其归入到三棱草属中，海三棱藨草应为海滨三棱草的异名。该研究为海三棱藨草及 其近缘种的分类学研究提供了分子依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 槲蕨为喀斯特地区典型的附生蕨类植物，主要通过其根茎附生于岩石的表面或缝隙中。 同时，槲蕨以干燥的根茎入药，具有重要的药用价值。为研究Ca2+胁迫下槲蕨根茎中代谢物 的变化，采用超高效液相色谱联用四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF/MS）技术对不同浓 度（0、600、1 200 mmolL-1）Ca2+胁迫下槲蕨根茎进行非靶向代谢组学分析。结果显示：（1） 共鉴定到64 种差异表达代谢物。（2）在0、600 mmolL-1 比较组中有48 个差异表达代谢物， 在0、1 200 mmolL-1 比较组中有45 个差异表达代谢物，在600、1 200 mmolL-1 比较组中有 44 个差异表达代谢物。（3）鉴定到的差异表达代谢物根据其化学分类归属信息进行归类， 分为5 类。该文结果表明，Ca2+胁迫影响槲蕨根茎的氨基酸代谢、黄酮类化合物生物合成、 木质素生物合成、脂肪酸代谢及其他途径。通过非靶向代谢组学分析，初步揭示了参与槲蕨 根茎应答Ca2+胁迫的关键代谢物，为进一步研究槲蕨适应Ca2+胁迫的调控机制奠定了基础， 也为槲蕨根茎药材的品质改善提供新思路。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）是我国西北干旱区药食同源的国家二级保护植物。在新疆南部自然居群中出现扁形和圆球形果实的两种个体，二者在不同海拔居群出现比例上存在差异。为了了解该物种异形果实的种子在不同海拔居群的萌发特性及其对不同气候类型荒漠环境的响应，对其在不同海拔居群的结籽率和种子质量、休眠、萌发特性及干旱胁迫的响应进行了室内控制性实验的比较研究，以期揭示该物种异形果实对新疆南部不同海拔荒漠环境的响应。结果表明：黑果枸杞扁形果实的结籽率高于圆球形果实；异形果实结籽率随着居群海拔的上升而逐渐降低，种子质量则随海拔的上升而逐渐升高。低海拔居群种子的吸水率比高海拔居群高，扁形果实种子的吸水率高于圆球形果实的种子。高温（20～30 ℃）、低浓度（0.1 mmolL1）的赤霉素及全黑暗条件是打破休眠的主要因素。圆球形果实的种子对高浓度30%PEG干旱胁迫的响应能力高于扁形果实的种子；低海拔居群果实的抗旱能力高于高海拔居群。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 林分密度对刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）林下植物群落结构及物种多样性具有重要影响，明确不同林分密度刺槐林下植物群落结构及物种多样性变化有助于黄土区植被恢复与森林生态功能的提升。以晋西黄土区刺槐人工林为研究对象，通过野外调查，探究6种林分密度（950株hm-2、1450株hm-2、1950株hm-2、2450株hm-2、2950株hm-2、3450株hm-2）条件下林下植物群落组成特征、生长特征及物种多样性。结果显示：（1）研究区林下植物共有39科65属77种，其中灌木16科29属36种，草本植物25科36属41种，灌木层物种数在林分密度为1950株hm-2时最多，草本层物种数在林分密度为2450株hm-2时最多。刺槐林下植物群落主要以蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）的植物为主，随着林分密度增加，优势种由阳生、中生性物种向阴生性物种过渡。（2）刺槐林中灌木的高度、地上生物量随林分密度的增加而减小，草本植物地上生物量在各林分密度间无明显差异（P＞0.05），灌草群落总盖度变化较小。（3）随着刺槐林分密度的增加，灌木层Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈先增后减的变化趋势，在林分密度为1950株hm-2时最大，Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。草本层Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在林分密度为2450株hm-2时最大，Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数在林分密度为1950株hm-2时达到最大。（4）不同密度的刺槐林下植物群落物种组成相似度达中等相似以上。林分密度为1950~2450株hm-2时，刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性最佳，有利于其生态功能的提高与可持续发挥。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2023-08-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 采用培养皿法，研究不同盐分类型和盐浓度对一年生早熟禾种子萌发特性的影响，测定其相对萌发率、相对发芽势、相对萌发指数、相对活力指数、相对胚芽长、相对胚根长和相对盐害率等指标，分析一年生早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长对不同盐分类型的响应。结果表明：（1）永昌种源一年生早熟禾的种子萌发和幼苗生长特性均高于其他3个种源。（2）在不同盐分类型、盐浓度及主要因素交互作用下一年生早熟禾的种子萌发和萌发期幼苗生长均受到显著抑制，碱性盐毒害强于中性盐，与萌发期幼苗的胚芽相比，胚根的响应更为敏感。（3）不同盐分类型对一年生早熟禾种子萌发期的盐害性强弱依次为：Na2CO3＞NaHCO3＞Na2SO4＞NaCl。研究结果可为种植一年生早熟禾生态修复不同类型盐碱地提供科学依据。
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