分类: 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-19
摘要: 一元论与多元论之争是道德心理学领域近些年最为活跃的理论交锋之一。道德一元论认为所有外在的道德现象与内在的道德结构都可以用一种因素来解释。道德多元论则认为道德不能只用单一因素来解释,而是存在多个不同质的道德维度,且具有文化敏感性。对应道德理论和道德基础理论是这场争议的典型代表。双方就伤害的解释力、道德失声现象、模块化道德与洁净维度独立性等方面展开论争。未来研究应从三个具体方面进一步探索道德之一元论与多元论难题,进而保持道德心理学领域的理论活力。
分类: 法学 >> 法律职业伦理 分类: 法学 >> 法律科技 提交时间: 2024-03-17
摘要: 法律职业共同体的研究在中国真正开展起来是2002年之后,到今也仅20余年的时间。而新时代与数字化的到来为法律职业共同体的建设提供了全新的政治环境与技术环境。近年来,域外研究对数字时代法律职业共同体的建设情况有着许多精深的评述,全球“四大”会计师事务所通过大规模投资技术重新进入了成熟的法律市场(美国、澳大利亚和英国)。本文首先分析中国法律职业共同体建设现状。同时考虑中国法律体制的复杂性,使用SLEPT模型对域内外的相关研究进行梳理,引入功能主义与韦伯解释主义,推测中国未来法律职业共同体的可能结构。以此结构为基准,本文分析了当前新兴的AI法律市场竞争情况。最后,本文在前述研究之上探索了当代中国法律职业共同体数字化建设的新思路。
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学与技术 提交时间: 2024-03-15
摘要: 为提高空间堆中子学模拟的可靠性,基于国际临界安全手册中关于空间堆的临界基准实验(HMF005基准实验),采用蒙特卡罗程序对HMF005基准实验中堆芯排布进行建模,结合不同评价核数据库,计算6种堆芯排布下的keff计算值与实验值的偏差,并对计算值与实验值的比值的平均值、标准偏差、χ2和均方根误差等进行深入分析。研究发现,ENDF/B-VII.1、CENDL-3.2、ENDF/B-VIII.0和JEFF-3.3四种评价核数据库计算堆芯keff结果与实验值偏差处于三倍不确定度之内,其中ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1计算结果最接近实验值,CENDL-3.2与实验偏差稍大。CENDL-3.2库计算结果与实验值偏差稍大主要是由于评价库中的钼和铍核素导致,钼的同位素中92Mo的影响最大。同时还进行敏感性分析,92Mo和9Be的总反应敏感性系数主要跟弹性散射敏感性系数相关,CENDL-3.2和ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1中9Be的辐射俘获敏感性差异较大,两者偏差可达34.9%。
分类: 心理学 >> 实验心理学 提交时间: 2024-03-13
摘要: Abstract:Individuals have been observed to show higher propensity to make risk investments using non-labor income compared to labor income, although the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. In this study, we proposed that non-labor income leads to a higher prior expectation of risky investment and a reduced sensitivity towards losses. To quantitatively test this hypothesis, we employed computational modeling. A total 103 participants were recruited and completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) with an equal monetary endowment, either as a token for completion of survey questionnaires (labor income) or as a prize from a lucky draw game (non-labor income). We found that individuals endowed with non-labor income made more risky investments in the BART compared to those with labor income. To formally compare the differences in the dynamic risk investment process between individuals with different source of income, we built four candidate computational models (Bayesian Sequential Risk-taking Model, Target Model, Scaled Target Learning Model and Scaled Target Learning with Decay Model (STL-D)). Through computational modeling, we found that within STL-D, the optimal model, the non-labor income group preset a higher targeted number of pumps at the beginning, showed a lower learning rate towards loss trials where the balloon exploded, and had lower behavioral consistency. Our study suggests that the increased tendency for risky investments with non-labor income can be attributed to an increase in prior expectations on risk-taking and a diminished sensitivity towards loss. These findings provide potential intervention targets to mitigate irrational investments associated with non-labor income.
分类: 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 提交时间: 2024-03-13
摘要: 工程中必须处理的以及人们在自然中碰到的流体,其流动在绝大多数情况下是湍动的,对这些流动的描述需要一种统计性的方法。容易描述的层流(Laminar flow)异常少见。我们相信,流体力学不能只局限于这些很少碰到的特殊情形,并且个别层流的经典描述虽然无疑重要而有价值,但是只能作为真正湍流理论的导引章节。在湍流理论中,研究的目标是宏观上相同外界条件下的流动系综的性质。
分类: 动力与电气工程 >> 电气工程 提交时间: 2024-03-07
摘要: 大规模新能源接入使得电网短路比降低,系统电压支撑强度下降,导致静态电压稳定和次/超同步振荡等稳定问题凸显。构网型变流器具有较强的电压支撑能力,在新能源场站配置一定比例的构网型变流器可以提升系统的稳定性,但构网型变流器容量与稳定裕度的解析关系不明,估算构网型变流器占比的理论值十分困难。为此,本文从小干扰稳定视角探讨构网型与跟网型变流器容量配比的估算方法及其典型值。首先,对构网型变流器进行电压源等值,并通过广义短路比指标分析了容量配比对系统强度以及稳定裕度的影响规律;其次,针对改造构网型风电机组和额外加装构网型变流器这两种技术方案,以行业相关标准为边界条件,结合典型升压变压器参数估算了实际工程中容量配比的典型值;最后,利用多风电场系统案例验证了结论的有效性。
分类: 生物学 >> 生物工程 提交时间: 2024-03-05
摘要: Single-molecule discrimination among amino acids is crucial to the realization of next-generation protein sequencing. Owing to the heterogeneous charge and subtle volume difference of underivatized amino acids, it remains a challenge for single-molecule techniques to recognize each of them. Here, we report the direct detection of twenty proteinogenic amino acids using a copper(II)-functionalized MspA nanopore. The binding sites for copper(II) ion are constructed by introducing histidine mutation (N91H) to M2MspA protein. With copper ion binding to histidine residues, amino acids can reversibly coordinate the copper-histidine complex, generating well-defined current signals. Using this strategy, all twenty amino acids can be detected. Assisted by a machine learning algorithm, we can identify 100% of signals with 70.2% accuracy or 60% of signals with 93.4% accuracy in the validation set. In successively addition experiment, each amino acid in a mixture of 10 amino acids can be identified precisely. Furthermore, we use carboxypeptidase A1 to partly release the C-terminal amino acids of peptides with different lengths (9, 10 and 22 residues). The hydrolysates of peptides can be identified and distinguished. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this system for amino acids detection and peptide identification, shedding new lights on the development of single-molecule protein sequencing.
分类: 心理学 >> 实验心理学 分类: 心理学 >> 心理测量 提交时间: 2024-03-04
摘要: 统计检验力作为评估研究结果稳健性和可重复性的关键指标之一,然而在事件相关电位研究中计算和报告统计检验力的规范性和完整性仍有待加强。本文通过梳理总结事件相关电位研究中统计检验力的影响因素、方法以及应用实例等,以期为研究者设计或预注册事件相关电位研究方案等阶段计算和报告统计检验力提供参考依据。
摘要: 本文分析了2017年证监会针对定向增发规则进行修改所带来影响。基于2013-2020年的定向增发事件,我们发现:第一,政策改革削弱了上市公司在定向增发中“择时”发行的能力,股票价格在发行前过度上涨而发行之后大幅下跌的现象显著减弱。第二,新的监管政策促进了市场化定价机制在定向增发中发挥作用,股票发行折价幅度降低并且发行人质量提升。第三,投资者情绪是上市公司进行“择时”发行的重要考虑因素,政策修改抑制了上市公司利用投资者情绪高价发行股票的能力,从而减少了股价波动。这些发现解释了国内股票增发参与者收益率不理想的原因并且评估了政策改革的有效性。
分类: 图书馆学、情报学 >> 情报学 提交时间: 2024-03-01
摘要: 目的 本文旨在提高专利技术功效自动化提取的准确度。 方法 使用ChatGPT作为教师模型(Teacher-model),ChatGLM3作为学生模型(Student-model),通过知识蒸馏,将ChatGPT生成的训练数据微调ChatGLM3,得到多个技术词抽取模型和功效词抽取模型。采用多个技术词抽取模型分别从专利的摘要、第一权利要求和技术功效语段中抽取技术词,并采用功效词抽取模型从技术功效语段中抽取功效词。 结果 微调后的多个技术词抽取模型和功效词抽取模型相较于ChatGPT,在抽取技术词和功效词时呈现准确率高、召回率低的特点,第一权利要求的ChatGLM3微调模型的准确率和F1值最高,分别为0.734和0.724。功效词抽取模型抽取的功效词的准确率为0.649,大于商业工具标注功效词的准确率0.53。 局限 本研究的技术领域和专利语言单一,验证数据量偏小,数据清洗规则还有待于继续优化。 结论 本研究方案通过知识蒸馏操作,提升了大语言模型自动化抽取技术功效的准确性。同时,本研究能够支持从专利文本中挖掘前沿创新技术、热点技术,支撑更高质量的智能化专利分析。
分类: 心理学 >> 应用心理学 分类: 计算机科学 >> 计算机应用技术 提交时间: 2024-02-29
摘要: 目的 随着网络大数据以及机器学习的方法的发展,越来越多研究结合文本分析与机器学习来预测满意度。在建立生活满意度预测模型的研究中,针对获取大量有效的有标注数据困难的问题,本研究提出基于文本数据增强以优化生活满意度预测模型。 方法 改编大连理工词典后,以357份生活现状描述为原始文本、生活满意度量表自评分为标注,经过EDA和回译进行文本数据增强,利用传统机器学习算法建立预测模型。 结果 结果显示,大连理工词典改编后,各模型预测能力大大提高;数据增强后,仅在线性回归模型上观察到回译和EDA的提升作用。使用原始数据进行训练的岭回归模型预测值与实际值的皮尔逊相关系数最高,达0.4131。 结论 特征提取精度的提升可优化目前的生活满意度预测模型,但对于以词频为特征建立的生活满意度预测模型,基于回译和EDA进行的文本数据增强可能并不十分适用。
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核科学技术其他学科 分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-02-28
摘要: Ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels have been widely used as structural material for thermal and nuclear power plants. However, it is susceptible to intergranular damage in service conditions, which is expected to be critical issues. In order to improve the intergranular damage resistance of F/M steel, thermomechanical process (TMP) was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering (GBE) microstructure in a kind of F/M steel P92 in this study. TMP, including cold rolling to 6%, 9%, and 12% thickness reduction, respectively, followed by austenization at 1323 K for 40 min plus tempering at 1053 K for 45 min, were applied on as-received (AR) P92 steel. Both prior austenite grain (PAG) size, prior austenite grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), and the connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) were investigated. Compared with AR specimen, the PAG size does not change significantly. The fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries (CSLBs, 3 ≤ Σ ≤ 29) and Σ3n boundaries along PAGBs decreases with increasing reduction ratio due to the recrystallization fraction increases with increasing reduction ratio. The PAGBs connectivity of the 6%-deformed specimen deteriorates compared with that of AR specimen slightly. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of studied steel could be improved by enhancing the fraction of CSLBs along PAGBs, indicating that TMP, involving low deformation, could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.
分类: 数学 >> 几何与拓扑 提交时间: 2024-02-28
摘要: In this paper, we study biharmonic Riemannian submersions $ pi:M^2 times r to (N^2,h)$ from a product manifold onto a surface and obtain some local characterizations of such biharmonic maps. Our results show that when the target surface is flat, then a proper biharmonic Riemannian submersion $ pi:M^2 times r to (N^2,h)$ is locally a projection of a special twisted product, and when the target surface is non-flat, $ pi$ is locally a special map between two warped product spaces with a warping function that solves a single ODE. As a by-product, we also prove that there is a unique proper biharmonic Riemannian submersion $H^2 times r to r^2$ given by the projection of a warped product.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间: 2024-02-25
摘要:
A combination of scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) shows excellent performance in the `KL and μ detector (KLM)' of the Belle II experiment. We describe the R&D for a similar detection technology with a new scintillator and SiPM, which can be implemented for a muon detector for the proposed CEPC experiment and the upgrade of KLM in Belle II. The R&D contains the study of the performance of a new scintillator with a length of 150 cm, the NDL SiPM with a sensitive surface of 3 mm × 3 mm or the Hamamatsu MPPC with a sensitive surface of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm, the construction of a detector strip, and the methods to achieve excellent light collection. The cosmic ray tests show good photon collections by NDL SiPM or MPPC, efficiencies well above 90% with a threshold of 8 p.e., and time resolutions of better than 1.7 ns for the hits at the far end of a scintillator strip. The performance shows a good option for an excellent muon detector for CEPC and the possible upgrade of Belle II KLM.
分类: 数学 >> 代数与数论 提交时间: 2024-02-23
摘要: 本文以拓扑Abel群的完备化为基础, 定义了拓扑$k$-代数及其完备化, 并从射影极限的角度对完备化的进行了代数解释.
分类: 数学 >> 离散数学和组合数学 提交时间: 2024-02-18
摘要: Summary: "In this paper we consider a variation of the classical Turán-type extremal problems. Let $S$be an $n$-term graphical sequence, and $\sigma(S)$be the sum of the terms in $S$. Let $H$be a graph. The problem is to determine the smallest even $l$such that any $n$-term graphical sequence $S$having $\sigma(S)\geq l$has a realization containing $H$as a subgraph. Denote this value $l$by $\sigma(H,n)$. We show $\sigma(C_{2m+1},n)=m(2n-m-1)+2$, for $m\geq 3$, $n\geq 3m$; $\sigma(C_{2m+2},n)=m(2n-m-1)+4$, for $m\geq 3$, $n\geq 5m-2$.''
分类: 数学 >> 离散数学和组合数学 提交时间: 2024-02-18
摘要: In 1975, P. Erdős proposed the problem of determining the maximum number $f(n)$ of edges in a graph on $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. Let $f^{\ast}(n)$ be the maximum number of edges in a simple graph on $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. Let $M_n$ be the set of simple graphs on $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths and with the edges of $f^{\ast}(n)$. Let $mc(n)$ be the maximum cycle length for all $G \in M_n$. In this paper, it is proved that for $n$ sufficiently large, $mc(n)\leq \frac{15}{16}n$. We make the following conjecture: $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} {mc(n)\over n}= 0.$$
分类: 数学 >> 离散数学和组合数学 提交时间: 2024-02-18
摘要: Let $K_{m}-H$ be the graph obtained from $K_{m}$ by removing the edges set $E(H)$ of the graph $H$ ($H$ is a subgraph of $K_{m}$). We use the symbol $Z_4$ to denote $K_4-P_2.$ A sequence $S$ is potentially $K_{m}-H$-graphical if it has a realization containing a $K_{m}-H$ as a subgraph. Let $\sigma(K_{m}-H, n)$ denote the smallest degree sum such that every $n$-term graphical sequence $S$ with $\sigma(S)\geq \sigma(K_{m}-H, n)$ is potentially $K_{m}-H$-graphical. In this paper, we determine the values of $\sigma (K_{r+1}-U, n)$ for $n\geq 5r+18, r+1 \geq k \geq 7,$ $j \geq 6$ where $U$ is a graph on $k$ vertices and $j$ edges which contains a graph $K_3 \bigcup P_3$ but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains $Z_4$. There are a number of graphs on $k$ vertices and $j$ edges which contains a graph $(K_{3} \bigcup P_{3})$ but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains $Z_4$. (for example, $C_3\bigcup C_{i_1} \bigcup C_{i_2} \bigcup >... \bigcup C_{i_p}$ $(i_j\neq 4, j=2,3,..., p, i_1 \geq 5)$, $C_3\bigcup P_{i_1} \bigcup P_{i_2} \bigcup ... \bigcup P_{i_p}$ $(i_1 \geq 3)$, $C_3\bigcup P_{i_1} \bigcup C_{i_2} \bigcup >... \bigcup C_{i_p}$ $(i_j\neq 4, j=2,3,..., p, i_1 \geq 3)$, etc)
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2024-02-09
摘要: An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device and a microchannel plate (MCP) imager as well as an electronic imaging system is reported. The camera achieves a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and a gated MCP imager, and a spatial resolution of 100 μm by using an electronic imaging system composed of combined magnetic lenses. The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera are theoretically and experimentally studied. The results show that the camera with combined magnetic lenses could reduce field curvature and acquire a larger working area. A working area 53 mm in diameter has been achieved by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera. Furthermore, the camera is used to detect X-rays produced from a laser targeting device. The diagnostic results show that the width of the X-ray pulse is about 18 ps.
分类: 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 分类: 核科学技术 >> 核仪器、仪表 提交时间: 2024-02-07
摘要: A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector. To address the issue of long processing time in traditional offline position reconstruction methods, this paper proposes an FPGA-based online position reconstruction method, grounded in the micro time projection chamber principle. This method encapsulates key technical aspects: self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of delay chain length, fast sorting and coordinate matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory (RAM) addresses, and precise start point merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM. The performance test of the self-adaptive serial link shows the bit error rate of the link is better than 10^-12 at a confidence level of 99%, ensuring reliable data transmission. The combined experiment of the readout electronics and the Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm, surpassing the current method's resolution level of 5 mm. The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beam online, thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method. The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods such as bubble sorting and traversal searching, simplifying the design of logic firmware and reducing the time complexity from O(n^2) to O(n). This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.